Occasionally there are chains where the heat treatment of the outer side plates wasn't correct, and when the rivet end is expanded into the hole the plate cracks, either immediately or after a relatively short period of use.
Break the chain at the broken link, removing all of it, and check the rest of the chain for similar cracks (radially from the pin out towards the edge).
If you don't find any, put in an extra quick link and carry on.
If you do, it's new chain time, and cassette if a check on the wear suggests it's necessary. Since the chain's clean, you may as well do it properly, with a 12" ruler.