Bearing in mind that this is only my experience and is therefore not 'data' I was riding
this training route regularly, its about 35k with 500ft of climbing in the first 18k followed by a fast downhill and some relatively flat mainly sheltered sections. I was doing it on 105/Open Pro wheels with Michelin Lithion 2 tyres which are reasonably light but not aero, I bought some second hand Bontrager X Lites which are about 100-200 grams lighter for the wheel set and 50mm section, I have Vitoria Corsa Evo CX tyres on them.
Before the change I was doing the run in roughly 1hr11 of 'moving time' according to Strava, since the run I've been doing it in 1hr08 (this is with 3 to 4 runs either side and the drop in time was there after the first run). Plus according to Strava I got an increase on both the hills and flats.
TT bars I have less information on as I went from a bike with drop bars, pannier and dynamo hub to a light aero frame and TT bars at the same time but my impression is that TT bars make a big difference in no wind/headwind on the flat/slight downhill - this is from a couple of triathlons where the only guy on drop bars keeping up with me left me behind as soon as the course changed direction and we got a tail wind (suggesting he was much fitter and tri bars were giving me the advantage while going into the headwind).
I've been using clipless pedals for years so not really sure that compares, whenever I go back to flats I get hopelessly clumsy with my foot coming up sometimes getting ahead of my pedal thus causing a bit of a stutter...
But basically I think to answer your question; for the same amount of effort, on the flat/downhill you need to be more aero and uphill you/the bike need to be lighter...
Of course instead of spending money, you could just ride more and pedal harder, but where would the fun in that be?